Public Speaking: Elements and Preparation
Learning Goals
- Identify the five main elements of public speaking.
- Understand the importance of audience-centric speaking.
- Follow professional guidelines for practicing and honing speech skills.
- Apply strategies to overcome speech anxiety and improvise when needed.
What is Public Speaking?
Public speaking is a performance-based art where a presentation is given in front of a live audience. Unlike online presentations, which can be viewed at the audience's discretion, public speaking occurs at a specific time and place.
The primary goals of public speaking are to Educate, Influence, or Entertain.
The Five Main Elements of Public Speaking
Understanding these elements is crucial for any effective orator:
- The Source (The Speaker): The person originating the message.
- The Message (The Content): The information or data delivered.
- The Audience (The Receivers): The specific group being addressed.
- The Medium (Speaking): The channel of delivery (voice, aids).
- The Effect (The Reaction): The ultimate impact on the audience.
Knowing Your Audience: The Golden Rule
The speaker must know how to talk to and influence their audience. This means understanding:
- Which words will carry more effect?
- How will the audience react to certain ideas?
- What is their background or knowledge base?
Guidelines for Practicing Public Speaking
- 1Step 1
Acting like yourself instead of trying to imitate someone else allows you to behave organically. Authenticity is the best way to connect with an audience.
- 2Step 2
Decide whether you want to influence, educate, or inspire. Formulate your entire speech based on this singular goal.
- 3Step 3
'Always keep learning.' Stay updated with current affairs and expand your vocabulary. Learn to use electronic slideshows and presentation tools effectively to give your speech an edge.
- 4Step 4
Identify if you are better at storytelling or using data to influence. Practice your specific strengths repeatedly to create an authentic presence.
- 5Step 5
Prepare for things to go wrong (fumbles, technical glitches). Practice how to get back on track without losing the audience's interest.
- 6Step 6
Focus fully on the audience rather than your own performance. This shifts the burden of anxiety and helps you notice and respond to their reactions.
- 7Step 7
Video record yourself. Watch for excessive gestures or long intros. The audience's viewpoint is more important than your own comfort with your voice.
- 8Step 8
Practice in front of friends or family. They know your bad habits better than anyone and can tell you if you don't sound like yourself.
Knowledge Check
Which of the following is NOT one of the five main elements of public speaking?